Type-writing machine



(No Model.) "4 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. H. STEWART. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

PatentedJun 22,1897.

Zia/anion Wiineases:

W 5. a y B (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. W. H. STEWART.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 584,966. Patented June 22, 1897.

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(No Model.) 4Sheets-Sl1eet3. W. H. STEWART. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 584,966. Patented June 22,1897.

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TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 584,966. Patented June 22,1897.

ment being indicated by dotted lines.

.\ v I l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFl-QE.

WILLIAM H. STEWART, OF KANSAS CITY, KANSAS, ASSIGNOR, BY DIRECT ANDMESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GEORGE P. GROSS, OF KANSAS CITY,

MISSOURI.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 584,966, dated June 22,1897. Application filed March 20, 1896. Serial No. 584,141. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM 1-1. STEWART, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Wyandotte and State ofKansas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inType-VVriters, of which the following is a Specification, referencebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention relates to improvements in type-writers; and my object isto arrange the spacing mechanism in such a manner that the cylindercarrying the paper to, be printed upon will be automatically revolvedafter the printing of each character thereon and also receive itslateral movement automatically forthe beginning of each line, thusrelieving the operator of the time and inconvenience nowrequire'd"in"shifting the carriage backward for the beginning of eachnew line. As there are usually from twentyfive to thirty type-writtenlines on each sheet, it is obvious that considerable more work can beperformed in a given length of time by automatically shifting thecarriage with the cylinder that carries the paper than by performingthat function by hand.

With this object in view the invention may be said to consist in thenovel arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter described, andpointed out in the claims.

Referring now to the drawings which illustrate the invention, Figure 1represents a plan view of a type-writer, partly broken away, providedwith my improvements. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of same with. theaction of the character-spacing mechanism indicated by dotted lines.Fig. 3 is a broken front elevation of the automatic line-spacingmechanism adjusted to move the cylinder forward two spaces after eachrevolution, said move- Fig. 4 is a broken front elevation of sameadjusted to move the cylinder forward three spaces after eachrevolution, said movement being indicated by dotted lines. Fig. 5 is avertical section of the adjustment for the linespacing mechanism, takenon line as 00 of Fig. 4:. Fig. 6 is a sectional detail view taken online y y of Fig. 3. Fig; 7 is a broken plan view of the paper-carryingcylinder. Fig. 8 is a broken cross-section of same,showing thepaper-clamp raised to receive the edge of the sheet. Fig. 9 is across-section of the cylinder, taken on line 00 as of Fig. 1, with asheet of paper thereon in position for printing. Fig. 10 represents anend view of the cylinder and its carriage with the bell removed to showits hammer and the manner in which it is operated. Fig. 11 shows a planView of same with the bell in section. Fig. 12 is a broken plan view ofone end of the rocker-bar.

In carrying out my invent-ion I employ a type-writer 1, of ordinary orpreferred construction, provided with operating-keys 2,

connected in the usual manner (which is not shown in the drawings) to avertical rod 3, that passes up through guides 4 and 5 and controls theaction of the character-spacing mechanism hereinafter described.

Secured to the upper end of the vertical rod is a small bifurcatedcasting 6, having a crosspin 7, which closes the upper end of thebifurcated portion and retains in position a rocker-bar 8,that isslidably arranged therein. Said rocker-bar extends longitudinally aboutthe length of the cylinder and is bent at right angles at each end inorder that it may be pivotally mounted upon a rod 9, secured fromturning byits square ends 10 in square openings 11 in lugs 12, which arelocated near the opposite ends of a longitudinal flat bar 13, formingpart of the carriage. The end portion 8" upon the right-hand side of therockerbar extends beyond its pivotal point and terminates near the endof the cylinder. Said end portion 8 is normally held in adepressedposition by a coiled spring LL, located near one end of rod 9, providedwith a rigidly-socured collar 15, in which one end of the spring isfastened. Its opposite end extends rear- Wardly beneath the longitudinalportion of the rocker-bar and normally holds that portion in an elevatedposition.

.Pivotally secured to the end portion 8 of the rocker-bar is pawl 16,that is yieldingly held in engagement, by a coiled spring 17, with aratchet-wheel 18, rigidly secured to the adjacent end of a hollowpaper-carrying cylinder 19. Said cylinder is rigidly mounted upon ashaft 20, journaled at each end of a carriage 21. The space for eachcharacter as it is printed upon the paper is accurately determined bythe teeth on the ratchet-wheel 18, which revolves the cylinder theproper distance after each key is struck.

As the circumference of the cylinder which I employ is equal to thewidth of the paper usually written upon, it necessarily follows that itsdiameter is somewhat greater than the cylinders now in general use. Soin order to overcome any undue heaviness which might retard the rapidityof its movements I 0011- struct it of a tube 22, carried at each end byarms 23, having centrally-disposed hubs 24, through which shaft extends.Cylinder 19 is provided with the customary rubber covering to increasethe friction between it and the paper it carries and also to protect thetype from injury when it contacts therewith.

In order to increase the precision of the movements of the cylinder asit revolves step by step and prevent pawl 16 from turning same too farwhen the machine is operated, I locate a friction-pawl 26 diametricallyopposite pawl 16. Said pawl is carried by a pivot 27, rigidly secured toa lug 28, which in turn is secured to the front bar of the carriage by aset-screw 20. The loose end of frictionpawl 26 is yieldingly held inengagement with the ratchet-wheel by a coiled spring 30, the tension ofwhich determines the pressure at which the friction-pawl shall bearagainst the ratchet-wheel.

31 indicates a clamp which extends the length of the cylinder for thepurpose of securing one edge of the paper in position thereon. Saidclamp is provided near each end with threaded pins 32, that projectthrough to theiuterior of the cylinder and are engaged by nuts 2*, whichregulate the tension of springs 33, interposed between said nuts and theinner surface of the cylinder to normally hold the clamp down in arecess 34, which extends the length of the cylinder.

In order that the clamp may be quickly raised for the placing of thepaper, 1 form depressions 35 in the surface of the cylinder for theinsertion of the finger-nail beneath the clamp, so that it may bequickly raised. After the edge of the paper has been placed beneath theclamp the latter is released and the springs draw it firmly down uponthe paper. The cylinder is then revolved by turning its disk 36 untilthe paper assumes the proper position thereon. Clamp 31 is constructedof an angle-plate, which imparts stiffness thereto, and its verticalportion 31 acts as a gage for squarely placing the paper upon thecylinder.

37 indicates two circular spring-cla1nps, which assist in retaining thepaper in position upon the cylinder. Said clamps are slidably arrangedupon a sleeve 38 on the rear bar of the carriage, so that they mayaccommodate the different-length sheets or en velops to be printed upon.

Simultaneous with the completion of each revolution of the cylinder itis moved forward with the carriage, in the direction indicated by thearrow in Fig. 1, for the beginning of a new line by an automatic spacingmechanism, a part of which consists of a camwheel 39, rigidly mountedupon the righthand end of the cylinder-shaft. Said camwheel is providedwith a rim 40, the outer face portion of which is formed into a cam 41,that approximates the shape of a screwthread, which extends aroundalmostthe entire circumference of the wheel and has its opposite endsconnected by an incline portion 42, which in conjunction with otherparts hereinafter described rapidly completes each revolution of thecylinder and moves it forward, together with the carriage, for thebeginning of every new line.

43 indicates a frictionless roller that is yieldingly held in contactwith cam 41 by a spring-actuated curved arm 44, to which the roller isoperatively secured by a pin 45. Said arm is pivotally secured at itsrear end to the carriage by a pin 46, encircled by a coiled spring 47,the lower end of which extends forwardly and is bent around said arm toforce it back toward the cam. The forward end of the curved arm isprovided with a slot 48, in which is pivotally secured a longitudinalrod 49, having a rectangular head rigidly secured to its opposite end.This head is provided at its under side with a projection carrying a pin50 for a purpose hereinafter described. Pivotally secured to the faceportion of head 50 is a pawl 51, with notches 52, 52, and 52 arranged inits upper circular portion. These notches are engaged one at a time by apin 53, that passes up through the horizontal portion of a lug 54 andterminates in a cylindrical head 55. Said pin is provided near its lowerend with a collar 56, against the upper surface of which impinges acoil-spring 57, located in a recess 58 within the horizontal portion oflug 54.. This lug also has a vertical portion 59, that extends downbehind the rear of head 50 and is rigidly secured to the pivot (30, uponwhich is loosely mounted the pawl 51.

Rod 49 is secured from lateral movement by a casting 61, having avertically-arranged slot 62, through which said rod extends. Thisconstruction permits of a slight upward movement of the pawl end of thered when sliding over the ratchet-bar. Casting (51 is provided with acircular opening through which extends the front bar of the carriage andis secured thereon by a set-screw (33.

indicates an expansion-spring coiled around rod 4.), between itsrectangular head and casting (31., for the purpose of assisting spring47 to move the carriage forward step by step for the beginning of eachnew line.

The lower forked end of casting 61. carries a roller 66, which travelsupon a track (37, supported by posts (38, projecting from the top of themachine. Secured to the rear side IOII IIO

the rim of the cam-wheel, so when it is necessary to correct one or morecharacters the cylinder is revolved until the line of the scale which isin alinement with said character is brought opposite a pointer 71,secured to one end of the carriage for that purpose.

In order that the operator will be notified just before the completionofeach line of printed matter upon the paper, I secure a bell 72, bymeans of a screw 73, to a boss 74, projecting from the left end of thecarriage in line with the cylinder-shaft. Said bell is rung by a hammer75, secured near the outer end of a spring-arm 76, which is rigidlysecured in the upper end of a post 77, fastened to the carriage. Theouter end of spring 76 extends a slight distance beyond the hammer inorder that it may be engaged and operated by a pin 78, which projectsfrom the end of the cylinder.

Formed integral with the longitudinal flat bar 13 of the carriage aretwo arms 79, which carry a sleeve 80, adapted to slide back and forthupon a rod or track 81, supportednear its opposite ends by posts 82, towhich it is rigidly secured. In order to prevent sleeve from contactingwith the reduced upper ends of said posts when it is moved back andforth, I leave its underside open, as shown in Fig. 2.

That part of the carriage in which the cylinder is journaled is hingedat its rear portion to arms 79 in order that it may be raised upwardlyshould it be desirable to read that portion of the printed matterbeneath the cylinder or for the purpose of gaining access to the type.

The operation of the machine is substantially as follows: The cylinderis revolved until it occupies the position shown in Fig. 9. Thelongitudinal clamp is then raised and the edge of the paper insertedthereunder until it is square with the vertical portion of the clamp,which is then released and the cylinder again revolved until the paperis brought around beneath the circular springclamps and the zero-markupon the camwheel scale is opposite the frictionless roller. This bringsthelongitudinal clamp slightly in 1 advance of the point at which thetype contacts, and the carriage is drawn back until the upper end 84 ofthe paper is only a sufficient distance in front of the contact-point ofthe type to allow for the necessary margin at the top of the paper. Ifonly two spaces are desired between the lines to be printed upon thepaper, the adjusting device for pawl 51 is set so that its pin engagesthe middle notch upon said pawl. When a key is pushed down, the verticalrod draws down the rear end of the rocker-bar and causes its front end,together with pawl 16, to raise up against the tension of coiled spring14. Afterthe impression of the character has been made upon the paperand the key released this operation is reversed and pawl 16, which inthe meantime has been held in engagement with the ratchetwvheel,revolves said wheel, together with the cylinder and paper, the distanceof one notch upon the rachet-wheel preparatory to receiving anotherimpression from one of the type. This operation is repeated until' theoperator is notified of the approach of the end of the line by theringing of the bell. Should this occur'at the end of a word, thespacing-key is operated until the inclined portion 42 is brought aroundin contact with the frictionless roller, which, owing to the pressureexerted thereby upon said inclined portion, rapidly completes therevolution of the cylinder. -As the longitudinal clamp is diametricallyopposite the incline portion of the cam-wheel it is carried past thecontact-point of the type to the position it assumed at the beginning ofthe line.

It will be noticed by referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings that when thewidest point of the cam-wheel has reached the frictionless roller it hasforced said roller, together with the arm to which it is journaled, andthe rod 49, withits attachments, outwardly a distance equal to three ofthe notches upon the ratchetbar. This outer movement of rod 49compresses the coiled spring thereon, so when the inclined portion ofthe cam-wheel contacts with the frictionless roller said spring,assisted by the spring-actuated curved arm, forces rod 49 back onespace, when the pin projecting from its rectangular head contacts withpawl 51 and locks the latter from further backward movement. As thisoccurs at the time the inclined portion of the cam-wheel has passed adistance equaling one-third its length beyond the frictionless roller,coiled spring 65, which is still considerably compressed, shoves againstcasting 61 and forces it, together with the carriage to which it issecured, forward the remaining two notches, by which time the cam-wheel.has been revolved until the zero-mark thereon is again opposite thefrictionless roller. If a space equivalent to three lines is to be leftbetween each printed line upon the paper, the adj usting device is setso that its pin engages the forward notch uponpawl 51, as shown in Fig.4. This throws the lower portion of said pawl against pin 50 which looksthe pawl, so when rod 49, together with its pawl, is drawn forward threenotches said rod cannot recede, and the full force of coil-spring withthe teeth on the ratchet-bar and permits the carriage to be readilymoved in either direction.

It will be understood from the above description that the carriage isonly moved forward the length of the space desired at the commencementof each line instead of backwardly almost its entire length, as thepresent construction necessitates, and though it were not provided withthe automatic mechanism herein described the fact that ithas so short amovement forward for the beginning of each line would alone increase therapidity of the machine.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. A type-writin g machine, comprising a rotatable cylinder or platenaround which the paper is wrapped, a ratchet-wheel mounted at one end ofsame, a rocker-bar bent at right angles at each end, a rod upon whichthe rocker-bar is pivotally mounted, lugs having square openings toreceive the square ends of the rod, a coiled spring which encircles saidrod, one end of which is secured to a collar upon the rod, its oppositeend passing beneath the longitudinal portion of the rocker-bar, a springactuated pawl carried by the forwardly-projecting arm of the rockerbar,which yieldingly engages the ratchet-wheel, and a vertical rod whichoperatively connects the rocker-bar to the keys of the machine,substantially as described.

2. A type-writing machine comprising a rotatable cylinder around whichthe paper is wrapped, a ratchet-wheel mounted at the end of same, arocker-bar bent at right angles at each end, a longitudinal rod uponwhich the rocker-bar is pivotally mounted, lugs having square openingsto receive the square ends of the rod, a coiled spring which encirclessaid rod, one end of which is secured to a collar upon the rod, itsopposite end passing beneath the longitudinal portion of the rocker-bar,a spring-actuated pawl pivotally secured to the forwardly-projecting armof the rocker-bar, which yieldingly engages the ratchet-wheel, avertical rod which operatively connects the rocker-bar to the keys ofthe machine, and a spring-actuated friction-pawl engaging theratchet-wheel to determine positively the extent of its rotatablemovement, substantially as described.

3. In a type-writing machine, a platen, a longitudinal paper-clampconsisting of a bar arranged flatly against the external face of theplaten, an arm or gage extending radially into a longitudinal groove insame, pins projecting inwardly from said gage, nuts engaging the innerends of said pins, and expansionsprings spirally encircling said pinsand bearing at their opposite ends against the nuts and inner face ofthe platen, in combination with one or more circular spring-clamps, anda sleeve upon the rear bar of the carriage, upon which the spring-clampsare slidably arranged, substantially as set forth.

4. In a type-writing machine, a rotating cylinder, a cam-wheel rigidlysecured to one end of the cylinder-shaft, a curved arm yieldingly heldin contact with said cam-wheel, together with mechanism through theinstrumentalities of which the carriage carrying the cylinder is shiftedto space for a newline, substantially as described.

5. In a type-writing machine, a rotating cylinder, a cam-wheel rigidlysecured to one end of the cylinder-shaft, a curved arm pivotally securedto the adjacent end of the carriage, a frictionless roller carried bysaid arm, a spring for holding the roller against the cam wheel, incombination with suitable mechanism by means of which the carriage isshifted to space for a new line, substantially as described.

6. In a type-writing machine, a platen, a cam-wheel rigidly mounted uponthe shaft of the platen, having a scale upon its periphery and sideportion, and a pointer which is secured to the adjacent end-of thecarriage whereby the position of a character on any line may bedetermined, substantially as described.

7. In a type-writing machine, a rotating platen, a cam-wheel rigidlysecured to the shaft thereof, a curved arm yieldingly held in contactwith said wheel, a rod one end of which is pivotally secured to the freeend of the curved arm, a pawl carried by the opposite end of the rod, arack-bar which is e11- gaged by said pawl, whereby the carriage isshifted to space for a new line, substantially as set forth.

8. In a type-writing machine, a rotating platen, a cam-wheel rigidlymounted upon one end thereof, a curved arm pivotally secured to theadjacent end of the carriage, a frictionless roller carried by said arm,a spring for contacting the roller with the cam-wheel, a rod one end ofwhich is pivotally secured to the free end of the curved arm, a pawlpivotally secured to the opposite end of the rod, a pin also carried bythe rod and projecting into the path of the pawl, a rack-bar which isengaged by said pawl, a spring encircling the rod and pressing at oneend against a part of the carriage and at its opposite end against thehead of said rod, forcing the pin thereon against the pawl, whichfulcrums against the rack-bar and thereby shifts the carriage to spacefor a new line, substantially as described.

9. In a type -writing machine, a hollow printing cylinder or platen, apaper-clamp extending longitudinally of the same, and con- IlO ' sistingof a bar arranged flatly against the external face of the cylinder, anarm extending radially into a longitudinal groove in the same, andpins'projecting inwardly from said arm, nuts engaging the inner ends oisaid pins, and expansion-springs spirally encircling said pins andbearing at their opposite ends against the inner face of the cylinderand the said nuts, substantially as described.

10. In a type-writing machine, a traveling carriage, aprinting cylinderor platen mounted therein, a rack-bar fixed with relation to thecarriage, a rod carried by said carriage, a pawl carried by the same'andengaging the rack-bar, means for automatically adjusting saidrodlongitudinally,and mechanism, using said pawl as a fulcrum, forshifting the carriage to space for a new line, substantially asdescribed.

11. In a type-Writing machine, a traveling carriage, a printing cylinderor platen mounted therein, a rack-bar fixed with relation to thecarriage, a rod carried by said carriage, a pawl pivotally carried bythe same, and engaging the rack-bar, means for automatically adjustingsaid bar longitudinally, and a spring mounted upon said bar andutilizing the pawl as a fulcrum for shifting the carriage to space for anew line, substantially as described.

12. In a type-writing machine, a traveling carriage, a printing cylinderor platen mounted therein, a rack-bar fixed with relation to thecarriage, a rod carried by the carriage, a pawl pivoted thereto, a pinprojecting into the path of the pawl and also carried by the rod, meansfor automatically adjusting said rod longitudinally and then for forcingsaid pin back against the pawl, which thus provides a fulcrum and causesthe carriage to advance to space for a new line.

13. In a type-writing machine, a traveling carriage, a printing cylinderor platen m0unted therein, a rack-bar fixed with relation to thecarriage, and a rod carried by the carriage, a pin projecting therefrom,a pawl pivoted thereto, means for automatically adjusting said rodlongitudinally, and aspring mounted thereon, and exerting its pressureagainst a part of the carriage and said pin, to cause the latter to bearagainst the pawl, which fulcrums against the rack -bar and therebyshifts the carriage to space for a new line.

14:. In a type-writing machine, a traveling carriage, a printingcylinder or platen mounted therein, a rod carried by the carriage, arack-bar fixed relative to said carriage, a spring actuated leverpressing backward the rod, a pin projecting from said rod, a pawlpivoted to said rod, means for overcoming the resistance of thespring-actuated lever and adjusting longitudinally the rod and therebyadvancing the pawl to a new and more advanced engagement with therackbar, and a repressed spring exerting its power against the pawl as afulcrum and a part of the carriage to assist the spring-actuated leverat the proper time in shifting the carriage to space for a new line,substantially as described.

15. In a type-writing machine, a traveling carriage, a printing cylinderor platen mounted therein, a rack-bar relatively fixed with respect tothe carriage, a rod carried by the carriage, and extending through avertical slot in a part of the same, a head secured to the rear end ofthe rod, a pin projecting therefrom, a pawl pivoted to said head; saidpawl engaging the rack-bar and provided at its opposite end withnotches, a lug also pivoted to said head, a spring-actuated pin carriedthereby and engaging one or another of the notches of the pawl to lockit in the required position, and instrumentalities for utilizing thepawl as a fulcrum to shift the carriage and space for a new line,substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM H. STEWVART.

WVitnesses:

H. E. PRICE, THOMAS JONES.

